The Romans can be credited as the pioneers in establishing numerous cities, particularly across Western Europe.
Frequently, these urban centers sprouted around Roman forts in the region, a notable indicator being the presence of ‘cester’ in their names, as seen in cities like Gloucester and Manchester, derived from ‘castrum,’ signifying fort.
While some Roman-founded cities have vanished over time, others have evolved into some of Europe’s largest urban hubs. Below, are some beautiful European cities with Roman origins that you might have not been probably aware of.
Rome, Italy
The most prominent Roman-founded city, often overlooked, is none other than their very own Eternal City, Rome. Legend has it that the Romans established this illustrious city in 753 BC, and it proceeded to exert its dominance over the Mediterranean region for countless centuries. Rome is home to superb ancient Roman remnants, including the iconic landmarks like the Colosseum and Pantheon.
London, England
Rome laid the foundation for London shortly after their conquest of Britain in 43 AD. London swiftly ascended to a position of great significance within Roman Britain during that era, and remarkably, it has reclaimed and maintained that significance today.
Merida, Spain
Merida, located in Spain, was established as a settlement for retired Roman soldiers. At present, it boasts the distinction of housing the longest standing Roman bridge and an array of Spain’s finest Roman archaeological remains. For anyone planning a trip to Spain, Merida is a destination that should undoubtedly top the list.
Paris, France
In 52 BC, the Romans seized control of northern France and went on to establish the city that eventually evolved into Paris. They named it Lutetia Parisiorum or Lutetia of the Parisii, with the Parisii being the indigenous Celtic tribe of the region. Over time, it flourished into a thriving city during the Roman era, and even today, traces of ancient Roman Paris are visible to visitors.
Manchester, England
Like so many Roman cities in Britain, Manchester sprang up around a Roman fort (this fort was called Mamucium). It was garrisoned by a cohort of Roman auxiliaries and was at the junction of two major Roman roads. Unfortunately, the Roman ruins here were destroyed during the Industrial Revolution (although some parts have been rebuilt).
Zurich, Switzerland
Presently, Zurich holds the position of Switzerland’s capital, and like many other cities, its origins trace back to ancient Rome. Initially, it was situated within the boundaries of the Roman province of Gallia Belgica and later became a part of Germania Superior. Zurich stands today as one of Europe’s most enchanting cities, a destination well worth exploring.
Istanbul, Turkey
Although there existed a minor settlement called Byzantium on the Bosporus prior to the establishment of Constantinople, it remained relatively inconspicuous until the Romans chose it as their new capital.
Over time, the city of Rome gradually lost its strategic significance, resulting in its dethronement as the empire’s capital. Today, what was once Constantinople is known as Istanbul and stands as Europe’s most populous city.
Lugo, Spain
Lugo, a modest city situated in northwestern Spain’s Galicia region, has gained renown for its unique distinction of being the sole city encompassed entirely by well-preserved Roman walls. These remarkable walls soar to heights of approximately 10 to 15 m and remain accessible to visitors for continuous strolls along their circuit. Stretching over 2,000 m in length, these fortifications are adorned with 71 towers.